Août 6 2020
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Maybe the most well-known aspect of the Security Council is the use of the veto power. 1 and 2). Russia cast 24 vetoes in this period, whereas the US has resorted to the veto 16 times since the end of the Cold War.The use of the veto by Russia and China rose considerably since 2011, with the conflict in Syria accounting for the bulk of these. On 1 January 2020, there were 120 member states supporting the Code of Conduct, including two permanent members of the Council—France and the UK—and eight elected members serving in 2020: Belgium, Dominican Republic, Estonia, Germany, Indonesia, Niger, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Tunisia.Permanent member France has advocated a voluntary restraint on the veto on the part of the permanent members since the mid-2000s. Beyond permanency itself, the veto power is probably the UN Charter’s most significant distinction between permanent and non-permanent members. Then High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein made a statement in support of the French initiative.
Many people are surprised to learn that the UN Charter never explicitly mentions a veto power.
Article 27 of the Charter reads: Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. The Charter never defines what “concurring votes” means, but historically the Council has viewed it as a vote in favor or an abstention. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. Beyond permanency itself, the veto power is probably the UN Charter’s most significant distinction between permanent and non-permanent members. In practice, this means a resolution would fail due to lack of consent of the permanent five members with a vote of 14 in favor, one opposed (France) and zero abstentions but would pass with a vote of 10 in favor, zero opposed and five abstentions (the permanent members).
This is a list of United Nations Security Council Resolutions that have been vetoed by one … Article 27 (3) of the Charter establishes that all substantive decisions of the Council must be made with “the concurring votes of the permanent members”. Since 2011, Russia cast 19 vetoes, 14 of which were on Syria. [State Department photo/ Public Domain]Many people are surprised to learn that the UN Charter never explicitly mentions a veto power. The UK has used the veto 32 times, the first such instance taking place on 30 October 1956 (S/3710) during the Suez crisis. China has used the veto 16 times, with the first one, on 14 December 1955 (S/3502), cast by the Republic of China (ROC) and the remaining 13 by the People’s Republic of China after it succeeded ROC as a permanent member on 25 October 1971.Since the end of the Cold War in 1991, new trends in the usage of the veto by the different permanent members have emerged. We will take up the issue of Security Council reform in a future blog post. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to the dispute shall abstain from voting.The Charter never mentions veto power, but the third clause of Article 27 dictates that all substantive issues must be passed with nine votes and the consent of the five permanent members (People’s Republic of China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, and United States). The power of veto is wielded exclusively by the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. On some occasions, however, the sponsor of a draft resolution may put it to the vote in the full knowledge that it will be vetoed to demonstrate symbolic support for an issue and to create a historical record of positions within the Council.In the run-up to the 2005 World Summit (following from the 2000 Millennium Summit), the High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change called on “the permanent members, in their individual capacities, to pledge themselves to refrain from the use of the veto in cases of genocide and large-scale human rights abuses”.
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