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For a hosted implementation, this International Standard describes the set of available headers.A freestanding implementation has an implementation-defined set of headers. Example. This way, a function can be used on the left side of an assignment statement. @SteveLillis: In 2008 SO didn't have a comment section.VMS is not 'normal' — within the meaning of what I said. The return type of this function is “int” and value of the variable “a” is returned from the function. Explicitly in the standard, 3.6.1.3 states 'main shall not be used within a program'stdlib.h provides EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE for this purpose0 and non-zero are correct but entirely meaningless to someone reading your code. "Program startup"The function called at program startup is named main. It shall have a return type of type int, but otherwise its type is implementation-defined. A C++ program can be made easier to read and maintain by using references rather than pointers. You just know that the moment the child chooses to do so, they're no longer compliant with their parents' guildelines@KABoissonneault The part I quoted in my comment is definitely about implementation-defined behavior (as opposed to @Lundin I guess the wording in the quote is confusing (the part where they say "but this makes the program implementation defined") but I'm pretty sure the person was talking about non-standard behavior (as said in "If an @FUZxxl you're correct, but that's not in conflict with my comment. Es ähnelt einem Eingabeparameter einer Methode. Get hold of all the important DSA concepts with the If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using Please Improve this article if you find anything incorrect by clicking on the "Improve Article" button below. What is the correct (most efficient) way to define the The accepted answer appears to be targetted for C++, so I thought I'd add an answer that pertains to C, and this differs in a few ways. I find it interesting that none of the answers, as far as I can tell, provide a fully working example, including the Return values make no sense on a platform with no OS. In this example we are going to learn function which can accept an argument and return a value. If it is named The text of the standard has been changed but it has the same meaning.The name of the function called at startup is implementation-defined. @Lundin You're seeing this the wrong way. allow both— a function of (int, pointer to pointer to char) returning intThis section is identical to the C++03 one cited above.Return 0 on success and non-zero for error. If a program contains any behavior described by the C standard as “undefined,” then it permits these operators (and any others) to produce any value at all (or other behaviors). 5.1.2.2 Hosted environment --> 5.1.2.2.1 Program startupThe behavior of the arguments to main, and of the interaction of exit, main and atexit The second conditional statement echoes its message in the last line since it is true due to CHECK == 1.As you can see if you are calling this and that process it is sometimes essential to see what it has returned (by the return value of main()).What is the correct (most efficient) way to define the main() function in C and C++ — int main() or void main() — and why?Those words "(most efficient)" don't change the question. This is the standard used by UNIX and DOS scripting to find out what happened with your program.Keep in mind that,even though you're returning an int, some OSes (Windows) truncate the returned value to a single byte (0-255).The return value can be used by the operating system to check how the program was closed.Return value 0 usually means OK in most operating systems (the ones I can think of anyway).It also can be checked when you call a process yourself, and see if the program exited and finished properly.I was under the impression that standard specifies that main doesn't need a return value as a successful return was OS based (zero in one could be either a success or a failure in another), therefore the absence of return was a cue for the compiler to insert the successful return itself.Returning 0 should tell the programmer that the program has successfully finished the job.For C++, since the first standard in 1998; see ISO/IEC 14882:1998 section 3.6.1:If control reaches the end of main without encountering a return statement, the effect is that of executing return 0;All versions of both standards since then (C99 and C++98) have maintained the same idea.
I know VMS does such incredible weird things with it that returning anything other than EXIT_SUCCESS or EXIT_FAILURE is asking for trouble.MSDN begs to differ: when reported through mscorlib, Yes, this is incorrect. For a freestanding environment, the function called at program startup need not be called Two execution environments are defined: freestanding and hosted. Values of the variable a and b are summed up in the function “sum” and the sum of these value is returned to the main function.Continue on C – User defined functions & adding them in C library…. Attention reader! Any library facilities available to a freestanding program, other than the minimal set required by clause 4, are implementation-defined.The effect of program termination in a freestanding environment is implementation-defined.The cross-reference to clause 4 Conformance refers to this:It is noticeable that the only header required of a freestanding environment that actually defines any functions is Just as the C standard recognizes both hosted and freestanding environment, so too does the C++ standard. ).ISO 9899:1999 5.1.2.2 Hosted environment --> 5.1.2.2.3 Program terminationIf the return type of the main function is a type compatible with int, a return from the initial call to the main function is equivalent to calling the exit function with the value returned by the main function as its argument;11) reaching the In a freestanding environment (in which C program execution may take place without any benefit of an operating system), the name and type of the function called at program startup are implementation-defined.ISO 9899:2011 5.1.2.2 Hosted environment -> 5.1.2.2.1 Program startupThis section is identical to the C99 one cited above.This section is identical to the C99 one cited above.An implementation shall not predefine the main function. defined with a return type of int and with no parameters: or with two parameters (referred to here as More recent versions allow to pass around larger data objects like structs. We rely on automatically generated member functions in C++, and few people write explicit So I advocate omitting it; others disagree (often vehemently!) For example, consider this simple program −When the above code is compiled together and executed, it produces the following result −When returning a reference, be careful that the object being referred to does not go out of scope.
Functions are not required to return a value. It demonstrates the return statement, and how it's used both to end function execution, and optionally, to return a value.
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